London by car
London occupies a tidal basin on the Thames, and its ancient square mile keeps the boundaries the Romans drew around it. A green belt stops the metropolis bleeding further outward, and the orbital road marks roughly the line that limit now follows.
Driving in London
London is reached by M25, M1, M4, M11 and A40. London has a low-emission zone, Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ). It is enforced by number-plate cameras rather than windscreen stickers: check that the car meets its emission standard before driving in. Parking in the centre is paid and marked by zone. Driving through the centre is restricted, so most drivers park on the edge.
Arriving by road
The North and South Circular roads run just inside the suburbs, and the M25 orbital motorway circles the city just outside the built-up area, with busy radial routes crossing both. Few motorways reach inner London, and Low Traffic Neighbourhoods have been introduced.
From the airport without a car
Heathrow Express and the Elizabeth Line both link Heathrow Airport with Paddington, and the Gatwick Express runs from Gatwick Airport to Victoria. Stansted Express serves Liverpool Street, while at Luton a shuttle metro train runs to Luton Airport Parkway for onward trains to St Pancras. London City Airport connects by Docklands Light Rail, and Southend Airport has its own railway station.